School Crime And Violence Free Essays

Wrongdoing and savagery in schools are issues that are of huge open concern, particularly after the arrangement of deplorable acts of mass violence as of late. The schools have practiced consideration in making the understudies safe yet numerous schools are currently confronting significant issues with the goal that compelling methodologies can be concocted to forestall school brutality and increment school wellbeing. (Little and Tetrick). We will compose a custom paper test on School Crime And Violence or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now The terms â€Å"school violence† and â€Å"school safety,† are still terms that should be generally characterized. The creators keep up that â€Å"Multiple approaches can demonstrate advantageous as each control brings to endure the full power of its information and experience, however they muddle the undertaking of summing up the condition of school savagery. For example, should school brutality be viewed as a subset of youth viciousness? †(Small and Tetrick). The majority of the savagery in schools are associated with groups. A posse is a gathering of individuals who structure a loyalty for a typical reason and take part in unlawful or crime. Groups give individuals friendship, direction, fervor and personality. At the point when a part needs something, the others act the hero and give insurance. Groups individuals have fundamentally lower levels of confidence contrasted with their non-posse peers. They additionally could name less grown-up good examples than did their non-group ,peers. It is no uncertainty that America has become a savage society. TV programs alone show frightful homicides and viciousness as though they are typical rates in our lives. It is said that kids figure out how to mirror the brutality that they see on TV. These flourish in a great deal of issues, preeminent of which is on weapon control. The beneficial outcomes of the exacting authorization of firearm laws are promptly observed. The Brady Campaign, for instance accepts that â€Å"background checks across the nation stopped by 600,000 criminals and other denied buyers from purchasing handguns from governmentally authorized gun sellers. † Some state this is one main motivation behind why there is a need to advocate firearm control. When individuals understand that there is an immediate connection between's the increments in savagery as corresponded with firearm ownership, they would likewise be against weapon brutality in the public eye. Notwithstanding, conclusions are at chances with respect to the issue of firearm control. Surprisingly, the two supporters and adversaries of firearm control arrangements in the United States go through insights to back their position. The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that: According to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), in 2003, 449,150 casualties of rough violations expressed that they confronted a guilty party with a gun. Occurrences including a gun spoke to 7% of the 4. 9 million fierce violations of assault and rape, theft, and irritated and straightforward attack. The FBI’s Crime in the United States evaluated that 67% of the 16,503 homicides in 2003 were carried out with guns. â€Å"Gun Control versus Weapon Rights). Promoters of weapon control straightforwardly use insights, for example, this to attest that the expansion in brutality is decidedly associated with firearm ownership. Associations, for example, the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) and different advocates of firearm rights contradict such view. Alexander, for one , demands that such contentions repudiate authentic investigations. He repudiates the connection, saying that â€Å"cities with the most prohibitive firearm laws, similar to Washington, D. C. , and Atlanta, Georgia, truth be told, have the most noteworthy homicide rates in the country. At the focal point of the weapon control issue is the Second Amendment to the Constitution: â€Å"A very much managed Militia, being important to the security of a free State, the privilege of the individuals to keep and remain battle ready will not be encroached. † Arguments for the most part center around the translation of the law. The Second Amendment is the primary standard of firearm rights activists. Weapon control advocates, then again, feel that firearm control adversaries misconstrue the law when they expect that it implies supreme right to responsibility for by private people (Krouse). They declare that the Second Amendment just alludes to weapon possession in circumstance of â€Å"militia† and not for general purposes. Weapon control supporters feel that firearm ownership by just anyone is a contributing reason for expanded rate of wrongdoings in the United States. In Guns and Terror, Berger and Henigan present examinations to help their explanation that â€Å"Gun shows are a rearing ground for firearm deals to fear monger [and that] nothing in government law keeps psychological militants from rapidly accumulating arms stockpiles of weapons† (4). Adversaries to the firearm control development likewise accept that there isn't sufficient authentic proof to the next side’s guarantee that forbidding the offer of certain sorts of weapons result to bring down crime percentages (â€Å"Gun Control versus Weapon Rights†). Alexander blames weapon control bunches for ‘demagogue-ing’ the issue and keeps up that the base of the issue is culture, and not the firearm. He even notes that â€Å"many of the issues being referred to are the consequence of Leftist conventions. † The Brady Campaign accepts that stricter principles on weapon possession will bring about networks with insignificant wrongdoings since they associate firearms with most violations submitted. Advocates of firearm control likewise base this conviction on what they see as constructive outcomes of authorization of weapon laws. The Brady Campaign, for instance accepts that â€Å"background checks across the country stopped by 600,000 criminals and other disallowed buyers from purchasing handguns from governmentally authorized gun vendors. † Gun rights defenders keep up that stricter standards could really cause crime percentages to increase as hoodlums just will in general go places with stricter firearm rules. Alexander cites Thomas Sowell as saying, â€Å"Most lawbreakers aren’t that dumb; they will in general go where the firearms aren’t. †(Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence). Advocates of weapon control keep on pushing for the section of new laws or potentially alterations to existing laws to limit firearm possession. For one, they are campaigning for enactment covering what they allude to as provisos, explicitly in issues, for example, adolescent access to guns, and deals at firearm appears and through the Internet (Brady Campaign). Rivals are additionally proceeding with endeavors to accumulate backing to counter the move of weapon control advocates. The NRA is drawing support through monstrous data drive pushing Second Amendment rights and the assurance of Americans’ chasing legacy. The NRA likewise performs studies and reviews negating the situation of firearm control supporters. In their study on what Americans consider Right-to-Carry laws, results show that 79% of the voters remained for such laws (National Rifle Association of America). The Brady Campaign notes, â€Å"according to an investigation of the FBI Uniform Crime Report, the level of rough wrongdoings carried out with guns has declined drastically after the Brady Law became effective. † Supporters of weapon control attest the requirement for additional limitations in firearm possession, particularly in the government level. They call for stricter record verifications for individuals who plan to buy authorized guns. Firearm rights supporters don't see extra laws and alterations to laws as an answer for increment in crime percentages. Alexander composes, â€Å"Gun limitations have not secured residents in Atlanta, Washington, D. C. , New York or Boston, substantially less anybody in Columbine or Red Lake. Nor did such laws shield Jews from Hitler or Stalin or Chinese workers from Mao, and so forth , forever. † Alexander likewise prompts legislators and weapon controllers the same to take a gander at the social parts of the issue and not the instruments. The National Rifle Association of America has restricted each exertion by weapon control advocates, exceptionally the Brady Campaign gathering, which they think will infringe on their privileges under the Second Amendment. They keep up that firearm proprietorship is their established right and ought not be constrained to recreational purposes as it were. The NRA, truth be told, is supporting establishment of laws including Self-Defense and â€Å"freedom† to convey firearms (Alexander, Mark 2005). To be sure, the privilege of well behaved residents to convey disguised guns for motivation behind self-preservation has become a hot and dubious point and one that will keep on being so for quite a while. Schools need to shield the youngsters from these weapon toting people and keep away from another Columbine or Virginia Tech episode. The most effective method to refer to School Crime And Violence, Papers

Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations Report Free Essays

|Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations | |â | |Home | |Truck Freightage Defies Trends in Economy: IFTRT Report | |â | |Defying the light information being discharged by different offices about the extension of monetary exercises and taking off corporate benefits, | |the trucking business, comprising of 3 million trucks, has neglected to gaze upward in most recent a month. The truck freightage has stayed level | |on the vast majority of the storage compartment courses notwithstanding increment in cost of activity because of 2 diesel value climbs (Dec 31 and Dec 15†² 03) totaling Rs. 2/ - | |per liter (10%) and have, truth be told, strongly declined on trunk courses going through Uttar Pradesh because of resumption of over-burdening by | |trucks. We will compose a custom paper test on Alliance of Automobile Dealers Associations Report or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now | |On the other hand different State Governments had pulled back Gold token/passes/cards, which allowed over-stacking of trucks in overabundance | |of allowed weight, so as to get arrival of a lot of Central Road Fund retained since April 2003. The Central Government has| |stopped Central Road Fund to those State Governments, which were allowing as well as supporting over-burdening of trucks in | |contravention of Central Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 by giving Gold Cards/passes/tokens to truckers against fixed month to month/quarterly | |fee. The Central Government has taken a firm view that â€Å"over-stacking of the vehicles cause huge harm to street surface†¦ | |Recently, the State Government of Uttar Pradesh pulled back the Gold Card conspire w. e. f. Dec. 15, 03 and after a month Rajasthan did the | |same w. e. f. 1, Jan 04. The resulting rigid requirement of CMV Act, 1988 by U. P. Transport Department by not allowing the | |entry/going through of over-burden trucks from the St ate brought about sharp increment in truck freightage by 4% †7. 5% during the | |fortnight (Dec 1, †Dec 15, 03) and disrupted the trucking business in area. Nonetheless, this enemy of over-burdening drive was brief | |and has crumpled in the U. P. State, all things considered. Presently, over-burden trucks are employing and going through the State cheerfully. In this way, | |truck freightage indeed is being directed by the over-stacking of vehicles that existed before Dec. 1, 03. Over the most recent a month | |the truck freightage for the storage compartment courses going through U. P. has dropped by 3. 5% †6. 8%, as indicated by the month to month update discharged by| |Indian Foundation of Transport Training Research (IFTRT). | |Union Government outfoxed by Rajasthan | |Followed by U. P. the Rajasthan Government, as well, had pulled back its Gold card/token plan from 1, Jan 04 to get the Central Road Fund | |released right away. In any case, the State Government, sagaciously has supplanted the prior uncommon Gold Token Scheme with another | |†AMNESTY SCHEME† by charging multi chunk expense to allow unhindered over-stacking of trucks in overabundance of endorsed weight limit. The first | |Jan. ’04 warning has been â€Å"modified† to assuage the Central Government, which had again would not discharge the ca sh from Central | |Road Fund. Be that as it may, utilizing of over stacked business vehicles proceeds under the support of State Transport Department, calls attention to the | |report. |â | |TRUCK (16. 2 TON GVW) Hire charges/rates (Rs. per full circle 21 Dec’03 †21 Jan’04 | |Route/Round Trip |Period |Truck Hire charges |Diesel Price increment Impact | |9 ton pay load | |change/Round Trip/Period |(per full circle) 31 Dec’03 | |21 Dec’03 †21 Jan’04 | Hire Charges |Hire Charges | |21 Dec’03 |21 Jan’04 | |Rs. |% |Rs. |% | |Delhi †Mumbai †Delhi |28,800/ - |28,800/ - |No Change |NC |(+) 620/ - |(+) 5 | |Delhi †Nagpur †Delhi |28,400/ - |28,400/ - |No Change |NC |(+) 610/ - |(+) 5 | |Delhi †Kolkata †Delhi |34,700/ - |33,000/ - |(- ) 1,700/ - |(- ) 5. 0 |(+) 630/ - |(+) 5 | |Delhi †Guwahati †Delhi |69,400/ - |67,000/ - |(- ) 2,400/ - |(- ) 3. |(+) 850/ - |(+) 5 | |Delhi †Hyderabad †Delhi |43,100/ - |43,100/ - |No Change |NC |(+) 770/ - |(+) 5 | |Delhi †Chennai †Delhi |59,000/ - |59,000/ - |No Change |NC |(+) 870/ - |(+) 5 | |Delhi †Bangalore †Delhi |44,800/ - |45,000/ - |(+) 200/ - |(+) 0. 5 |(+) 770/ - |(+) 5 | |Delhi †Ranchi †Delhi |33,300/ - |31,300/ - |(- ) 2,000/ - |(- ) 6. 8 |(+) 620/ - |(+) 5 | |Delhi †Raipur †Delhi |29,300/ - |29,300/ - |No Change |NC |(+) 630/ - |(+) 5 | |Delhi †Kandla †Delhi |18,300/ - |18,300/ - |No Change |NC |(+) 340/ - |(+) 5 | |Delhi †Bilaspur †Delhi |30,300/ - |30,300/ - |No Change |NC |(+) 620/ - |(+) 5 | Instructions to refer to Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations Report, Papers

Blog Archive Friday Factoid MIT Sloans Sports Dorkapalooza

Blog Archive Friday Factoid MIT Sloan’s Sports “Dorkapalooza” Did you know that some of the biggest names in sports have met annually since 2007 for an event at the MIT Sloan School of Management that ESPN columnist Bill Simmons once described as “dorkapalooza”? At the student-run Sports Analytics Conference, participants discuss the increasing role of analytics in the sports industry, and students have ample opportunity to network with the elite of the sports world. The tenth annual conference was held over two days in March 2016, where more than 120 industry experts, leaders, and professionals participated in more than 30 panel discussions, among them representatives from ESPN, NBC Sports, the Boston Celtics, the Los Angeles Rams, StubHub, and the Chicago Cubs. The panels covered such topics as “Modern Sports Finance,” “Out of the Ice Age: Analytics in the NHL,” “The Next Wave of Sports Entrepreneurship,” “Evolution of Sports Journalism,” and “Business of Sports.” Other conference events included drop-in resume reviews, career conversations, and a cocktail reception. A second-year EMS Club member told mbaMission, “The event is one of the largest student-organized conferences in the country and was named the third most innovative company in all of sports (behind only the NFL and MLB Advanced Media) by  Fast Company  [magazine].” For a thorough exploration of what MIT Sloan and 15 other top business schools have to offer, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan) Blog Archive Friday Factoid MIT Sloan’s Sports “Dorkapalooza” Did you know that some of the biggest names in sports have met annually since 2007 for an event at the MIT Sloan School of Management that ESPN columnist Bill Simmons once described as “dorkapalooza”? At the student-run Sports Analytics Conference, participants discuss the increasing role of analytics in the sports industry, and students have ample opportunity to network with the elite of the sports world. The tenth annual conference was held over two days in March 2016, where more than 120 industry experts, leaders, and professionals participated in more than 30 panel discussions, among them representatives from ESPN, NBC Sports, the Boston Celtics, the Los Angeles Rams, StubHub, and the Chicago Cubs. The panels covered such topics as “Modern Sports Finance,” “Out of the Ice Age: Analytics in the NHL,” “The Next Wave of Sports Entrepreneurship,” “Evolution of Sports Journalism,” and “Business of Sports.” Other conference events included drop-in resume reviews, career conversations, and a cocktail reception. A second-year EMS Club member told mbaMission, “The event is one of the largest student-organized conferences in the country and was named the third most innovative company in all of sports (behind only the NFL and MLB Advanced Media) by  Fast Company  [magazine].” For a thorough exploration of what MIT Sloan and 15 other top business schools have to offer, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan) Blog Archive Friday Factoid MIT Sloan’s Sports “Dorkapalooza” Did you know that some of the biggest names in sports have met annually since 2007 for an event at the MIT Sloan School of Management that ESPN columnist Bill Simmons once described as “dorkapalooza”? At the student-run Sports Analytics Conference, participants discuss the increasing role of analytics in the sports industry, and students have ample opportunity to network with the elite of the sports world. The ninth annual conference was held over two days in February 2015 and featured four invited speakers, including the research director of the American Sports Medicine Institute and the editor of WIRED.com. In addition, more than 120 industry experts, leaders, and professionals participated in the event’s almost 30 panel discussions, among them representatives from MSG Sports, the MLB Network, the National Football League (NFL), the United States Soccer Federation, and the Boston Celtics. The panels covered such topics as “Changing on the Fly: The State of Advanced Analytics in the NHL [National Hockey League],” “Beating the Shift: Baseball Analytics in the Age of Big Data,” “Sharing, Liking, Streaming: The Future of Sports and Media,” and “Three at the Back: Accelerating the Pace of Soccer Analytics.” Other conference events included drop-in resume reviews, career conversations, and a cocktail reception.A second-year EMS Club member told mbaMission, “The event is one of the largest student-organized conferences in the country and was named the third most innovative company in all of sports (behind only the NFL and MLB Advanced Media) by  Fast Company  [magazine].” For a thorough exploration of what MIT Sloan and 15 other top business schools have to offer, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan)

Candide, the Fredrick Douglass Narrative, and The Fisher...

Storytellers use the picaresque form and the quest motif as standard literary devices in film, song, and the written word. The characters in such a story encounter many trials, setbacks, and triumphs on their quest to find what they so diligently seek. There is often much adventure and drama along they way, leading to their ultimate test. The three works discussed in this essay embody these themes. Voltaires Candide, A Narrative of a Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, and Terry Gilliams masterpiece The Fisher King present very different journeys using vastly different characters and time periods. Each, however, examines the human spirit as each main character navigates both grizzly and joyous†¦show more content†¦He also references the words of H.E. Watts, who noted the picaro was one who was at odds with the world and the adventurer who had missed his chance. The Fisher King (1991), directed and written by Terry Gilliam, explores many of these issues. One of its main characters, Parry, is a homeless psychotic, which just so happen to be two of the most neglected groups in contemporary society. The movie uses the rouge as a constant theme. Its other main character is a morning talk radio shock-jock named Jack Lucas, whose profession many people loathe. During their adventures, they meet a cross-dressing musical theatre actor whose friends have all died of AIDS, a paralyzed Vietnam vet who begs for a living, and a host of bums and mental patients who have all been rejected by society. In fact, the film fits very well into Allens definition, as the characters also encounter video-store owners, T.V. executives, doctors, street thugs and romance novel retailers. The plot of this film takes on sort of a double picaresque, as two characters undertake a quest for peace that intersects paths. Both men are forced onto this path when a listener of The Jack Lucas Show, Edwin, reacts to advice Jack

The Relation of Evil and Love in Wuthering Heights by...

The Relation of Evil and Love in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte This study will examine Emily Brontes novel Wuthering Heights, focusing on how evil is related to love. The study will explore the main relationship in the book, the relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine. That relationship is full of both love and evil and will show us what happens when evil and love become tied to one another. The first thing we need to do is define evil. It is perhaps impossible to define love in a way, which will satisfy all of us. We will probably all agree that love is usually an attraction between two people, which makes them feel good about themselves and the other person and about life in general. On the other hand, the love that†¦show more content†¦That is what Brontes novel shows us and reminds us about this kind of powerful, romantic love. It does not get out of control in the case of these two lovers, and becomes evil. Heathcliff is shown to be a dark and even hateful character the moment we meet him on the first two pages of the book. L ockwood sees himself as a kind of kin to Heathcliff, and sees the region as a fit for heir dark personalities. A perfect misanthropists Heaven--- and Mr. Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows (45). Lockwood has no idea how much more dark and evil Heathcliff is. Heathcliff is shown to be an evil man even before he meets Catherine, so we cannot say that he learned to be evil because of his extreme love for Catherine. We see Heathcliff not as a loving person, not as a lover, but as a hater, a misanthrope, or a person who hates people. This might be a clue helping us to understand the evil part of Heathcliffs love. Perhaps a love for one person, which grows out of a hatred of all other people, will end up being evil, sooner or later. Perhaps true love leads a person to feel warm and loving toward all people, or most people. And perhaps a love, which is evil, is one, which comesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Revenge and Love in Wuthering Heights1521 Words   |  7 Pagessentiments can move a man to action, but in Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights, love and revenge are the only two passions powerful enough to compel the primary actors. There is consensus, in the academic community,1 that the primary antagonist in the novel, Heathcliff is largely motivated by a wanton lust for vengeance, and it is obvious from even a cursory reading that Edgar Linton, one of the protagonists, is mostly compelled by a his seemingly endless love for his wife, and it even seems as if thisRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1693 Words   |  7 PagesUnfortunate Events Emily Bronte, a highly esteemed and imaginative writer, is the mastermind behind the novel Wuthering Heights. When Bronte was very young, her mother passed away from a serious, untreatable sickness. After her death, Branwell, Bronte’s older brother, took care of the children (Pettingell). Her brother, a poet and painter, turned to an alcoholic and drug abuser was responsible for the children as they all grew up together. He was irrational and never treated Emily and her sisters theRead MoreThe Implications of the Title Wuthering Heights Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesa question that can be endlessly pondered upon and debated over, as to why Emily Bronte chose to name her first and only novel, after the house in which a sizable part of the action chronicled takes place, despite being armed with characters of such extra-ordinary strength and passion as Heathcliff or Catherine. But on close scrutiny, a reader can perhaps discern the reason behind her choice, the fact that Wuthe ring Heights is at once a motif, a setting and according to a few critics, even a ‘premonitoryRead MoreWuthering Heights and Macbeth Thesis1456 Words   |  6 Pagesand Catherine in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, and Macbeth in The Tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare died as a result of not being able to deal with their haunting past. Heathcliff, from Wuthering Heights, didn’t have an easy past. He’s an orphan that was brought to Wuthering Heights by Mr. Earnshaw. Although Heathcliff was accepted by Mr. Earnshaw and Catherine, Hindley always disliked him. After Mr. Earnshaw’s death, Hindley becomes the master of Wuthering Heights; he mistreats HeathcliffRead More Characters of Catherine and Heathcliff in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Characters of Catherine and Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights      Ã‚  Ã‚   Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights can be considered a Gothic romance or an essay on the human relationship. The reader may regard the novel as a serious study of human problems such as love and hate, or revenge and jealousy. One may even consider the novel Brontes personal interpretation of the universe. However, when all is said and done, Heathcliff and Catherine are the story. Their powerful presence permeates throughoutRead MoreHeathcliff - Hero or Villain1691 Words   |  7 Pages----------------------- Emily Bronte also convey’s aspects of the class system within Victorian society through the use of imagery. Bronte depicts two English households which both resemble slightly different classes but for which could not be further apart. The heights is described as â€Å"narrow windows being deeply set in the wall† and then Thrushcross Grange as â€Å"the large, half curtain windows allowing the sun to come in from the outside† - these two pictures painted by Bronte show the contrast betweenRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1814 Words   |  8 PagesTitle: Wuthering Heights Author: Emily Brontà « Date of Publication: 1847 Genre: Gothic Romance / Fiction Biographical information about the author Emily Jane Brontà « (born 30 July, 1818 | Died December, 19, 1848) was born in Thorton. She was one of six Bronte children; she kept to herself usually and was unusually quiet. In 1835 she briefly attend Miss Wooler’s school at Roe Head. Around 1837 Emily taught at Law Hill School. In 1842 she and Charlotte studied in Brussels. Historical information aboutRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesstability and rising standards of living. Artists of ‘Pre- Raphaelite Brotherhood’ claimed to write only true about nature, concentrate only on the true ideas. These three years saw the rise of such works: of Bronte sisters’ Poems, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, William Thackeray’s Vanity Fair. The Following twenty years could be seen as the high period of ‘Victorian novel’. Despite being a mixture of boom and slump, the years of 1850-1870 were recognized by the economicRead MoreCause and Impact Analysis on the Main Character’s Suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s Novel Eat, Pray, Love7348 Words   |  30 Pagesnovel, the readers would gain messages, and it was not easy to interpret, it needed work hard to appreciate contents of novel forget message has been conveys by author. As novel might have many characters, some characters might never ever come into relation with an author. People knew that all the people in the world at this moment and related, if only by the nature of the fact that they were all living at the same time. Direct contact was not necessary to establish relationship, though a novelist would

Willy And The American Dream - 1273 Words

Willy and the â€Å"American Dream† Willy Loman is a traditional man who exemplifies the traditional American values. Willy Loman has reached the old in which he cannot continue fighting for success as a traveling salesman. Confronted with termination of his job as a salesman, Willy began to have flash backs of his past life. At this important part Willy’s presence of his older son Biff has returned home for a visit, and Willy’s old desire for his son to be a traditional success in life is renewed. But the tensions between the two people Willy and Biff are also renewed. The â€Å"American Dream† is the belief that through hard work one might find happiness through having wealth. Wealth and happiness is the center of our lives as Americans we all†¦show more content†¦Dave was an â€Å"eighty-four-year-old salesman who had drummed merchandise in thirty-one states and who could now simply go into his hotel room, call the buyers, and make his living in his green velvet slippers† (Kay Stanton ton,). This view of a successful career as a salesman made Willy Loman reconsider his decision instead of going to Alaska he chose to be a salesman. He saw someone to look up to and to envy to be like and that is what strived Willy Loman to be a salesman. After thirty-five years of his career of being a salesman knowing that â€Å"he was good with his hands, but willy Possessed too much snobbery to admit that his own density was a simple career as a carpenter† (Death of a Salesman, 35). For willy Loman the difference between a salesman and a carpenter meant a lot to him, but Willy Loman stuck with his job as a Salesman. At the very age of sixty Willy Loman had a built himself a family and had to sons Biff and Happy. No matter what happened they will love and respect their father just as their mother Linda wanted them to. Willy Loman was fortunate enough to find a woman who devoted her whole to enable him and treat in a way no one else would dare to. â€Å"She more than loves him, she admires him, as though his mercurial nature, his temper, his massive dreams and little cruelties, served her only as sharp reminders of the turbulent longings† (Death of a Salesman, 5 act one). Linda was oneShow MoreRelatedWilly Loman And The American Dream1968 Words   |  8 Pagesdependent on its environment and the people that surround it. Ideas that can have many different meanings based on the person, such as the American Dream, can lead children into a life of confusion, since they dont know which meaning to stick to. Su ch is the case even for adults who, for example, dont know which definition of success and the American Dream is the best for them personally. People can lose themselves and what they believe in if they get lost in all of the possibilities of successRead MoreWilly Loman And The American Dream Analysis1075 Words   |  5 PagesPursuit of Happiness in the American Dream In Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, Willy Lomans pursuit of the American Dream is characterized by his selfishness, demonstrating how the American Dream can subtly turn into the American Nightmare. However, Willy’s role is quite important because he often led to failure through the creation of the American Dream and the real world. To fully understand the storyline of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, one must evaluate each member of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Willy Loman And The American Dream1553 Words   |  7 PagesIn one of Arthur Miller’s play, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† written in 1949; it uncovers the betrayal of the American Dream. Willy Loman, one of the characters in â€Å"Death of a Salesman† who believes that finding success is very easy, but in reality’s he only finds his success in own imagination. In Act one of the play, Willy Loman stated â€Å"Bigger than Uncle Charley! Because Uncle Charley is not †¦ Liked. He’s Liked, but not well Liked (p21).† This quote expresses that being liked is not the key to successRead MoreWilly Loman : the Tragedy of the American Dream2717 Words   |  11 PagesWilly Loman : The Tragedy of the American Dream Prosperity, job security, hard work and family union are some of the concepts that involve the American Dream, generally speaking. Some people think this dream is something automatically granted; or in contrast, as in the story Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller, as something that has to be achieved in order to be successful in life. The play takes issues with those in America who place too much stress on material gain, instead ofRead MoreWilly Loman and the American Dream Essay1986 Words   |  8 Pages​Willy Loman, in the play Death of a salesman, believes that being physically attractive and well liked by people, are the only necessary ingredients to attain the American dream. Willy works his entire adult life trying to become an astounding salesman, such as Dave Singleman. In Willy’s mind, Dave is the epitome of a successful salesman and â€Å"thus, the dream has shaped in Willy’s mind. All his life has been spent trying to imitate this personâ⠂¬  (Danqing 27), until he finally realizes that his hardRead More Willy Loman, Jay Gatsby, and the Pursuit of the American Dream798 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Loman, Jay Gatsby, and the Pursuit of the American Dream Scott Fitzgerald, author of The Great Gatsby, and Arthur Miller, author of Death of a Salesman, both tell the stories of men in the costly pursuit of the American dream. As a result of several conflicts, both external and internal, both characters experience an extinction of the one thing that they have set their sights on.... The American Dream. Jay Gatsby, a mysterious, young and very wealthyRead MoreWilly Loman, Jay Gatsby, and the American Dream Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesGatsby and Loman My own life’s dream is to have a career in which I can surround myself in music. I will not let anything stand between my dream and I; however, I will never allow my dream to come between myself and my loved ones, or my reality. Many have already fallen victim to the pursuit of the American Dream – a fantastic projection of life that varies based upon its dreamer. However, the road to the American Dream, if followed blindly, can lead to nothing more than a dead end. In The GreatRead MoreThe American Dream Destroyed Willy Loman and the Great Gatsby1894 Words   |  8 PagesEveryone has a dream of their desired future, they dream of the one thing that makes them happy that they do not have now. In Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Miller’s Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman and Gatsby are characters dominated by an American dream that destroyed them. Their dream comes from a fantasy past. These dreams were made outside from who they truly are. Gatsby tried t o repeat his past, while Willy attempted to create a new past. The lack of control over their goals and dreams lead toRead MoreWilly Lowman’s Tragic Misinterpretation of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman1176 Words   |  5 Pagestwice. This is just one more example that the American Dream is without a doubt achievable. Its pursuit is not easy; it requires undeniable hard work, modesty and optimism. Armed with these characteristics, seekers of this lifestyle will undeniably succeed. Success, though, is an interesting concept, for it can entail many superficial qualities. Willy Loman, the tragic hero of the play Death of a Salesman, sees only the superficial qualities of this dream. He views success solely as likeability (linkedRead MoreThe Destruction of Willy Lowmans American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman626 Words   |  3 Pages In Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman readers are introduced to Willy, an ambitious salesman who just cant seem to get a bre ak despite his drive. Willys life is marked by failure, and an almost stubborn attachment to the idea of striking it big. Willys life is ended by his own hands, the result of a broken dream that lead to a broken spirit. In many senses Willy represents the idea of the everyman, the average working class man trying to get ahead, this is reflected in his attachment to

Law of Contract Commercial Field Significant

Question: Describe about the Law of Contract for Commercial Field Significant. Answer: 1. The law of contract has assumed prominence in the commercial field for the significant role that it plays. Indeed, the applicable law in regards to this solution that this paper seeks to critically discuss, shall be one within the panoply of Contract Law. Of particular significance to note, is that in the law of contract there are essential elements that must be present in a contract for it to be binding. Apart from these elements, there are other rules that govern the formation of a contract that will be instrumental in uncovering the legal principles that will assist Paula and Sepal Co. to determine their legal position. Tess made an offer to the Sepal Co. to buy climwits. Indeed it has been held that offer is an expression of willingness to enter into a legally binding contract (Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth, 1954). The offer was effective as soon as it was communicated by Tess to the company. The offer can be communicated to the offeree on behalf of the original offeror provided than there is proof of authorization (Cole v Cottingham, 1837). It has been held in Storer v Manchester City Council (1974), where the court of appeal affirmed that the offer must have an intention to be legally bound upon acceptance. It is thus submitted that the offer Tess made was a valid offer and one that is capable of acceptance even though it was made on behalf of Paula. Sepal Co. added new terms when accepting the offer from Tess. They did not entirely agree to the terms of the offer that Tess had made. From the above sentiments, it can be legally stated that Sepal co. made a counter offer. The court in Hyde v Wrench (1840) stated that where new terms are provided in the acceptance, it is regarded as a counter offer which renders the initial offer rejected and therefore no acceptance. In the case in question there was a battle of forms in and the court of appeal has held in Tekdata Interconnections Ltd v Amphenol Ltd (2009) that the last offer win the battle. The last offer made by Sepal that they could supply 14000 climwitts at $16000 with a 10% discount was the final one stood. It is therefore submitted that the contract was properly accepted according to the legal principles and there was a (consensus ad idem meeting of the minds) There must be a valid valuable consideration that may include profit, interest or benefit that is undertaken by one party. (Currie v Misa, 1875) The agreed consideration in this case was $14000 which was given to Sepal Co. The consideration was sufficient consideration within the ambits of the law because it was agreed upon based on the freedom of the contract (Chappell v Nestl, 1960). It has also been stated in White v Bluett (1853) that consideration must be one that amounts to an economic value which in this case, the consideration was with an economic value that cannot be subjected to debate. Suffice to say, the court will easily presume an intention to be legally bound by a contract where the relationship of the contracting parties is one of a commercial nature and not one that had domestic or family relationship (Edmonds v Lawson, 2000). The presumption of an intention to be legally bound thus flows through to Sepal Co. and Tess in this case. Having noted that the contract was properly formed and undertaken between Tess and Sepal Co. it is safe to say that Tess claim against Sepal in anyway because the contract was legally binding between the two. Below is an advice based on the assertions made by Paula that she demanded her earlier order which actually was to Woddo Co. and not Sepal. Co. However, the demand now is being made to Sepal Co. These assertions invite the doctrine of privity of contracts to discussion. It has been held that a party who is entitled to enforce a contract must establish that he or she is privy (part of) to the contract and has given a sufficient consideration (Coulls v Bagots,1967). It thus follows that a third who is not a party to the contract is legally barred from enforcing the said contract in question. Further, the doctrine of privity is to the effect that even if the party is a beneficiary of the contract, as long as they are not a party to the contract they do have any mandate to enforce the contract (Wilson v Darling Island Stevedoring Co, 1956). Paula, though a beneficiary to the contract made by Sepal and Tess, she is still a third party who is not entitled to enforce the contract. In fact, the Sepal Co. clearly stated that they had no arrangement with Paula and only agreed to make a contract with Tess. A valid legal argument can arise to the effect that Tess was acting as agent for Paula who was the principal and was the one to directly benefit. This introduces the relationship created by the law of agency and law of contracts as we try to circumvent the rule in the privity doctrine. For the above contract to be valid Lord Reid has established a four test requirement that must be met for Tess to be legally valid as an agent and Paula as a principal who can enforce her demands Scruttons Ltd v Midland Silicones Ltd (1961). First, the contract must clearly indicate that the benefit will be for the principal. In our case the contract ought to clearly state that the climwitts were for the benefit of Paula. Secondly, the contract must evidence that there is an agent who is acting on behalf of the principal .Therefore, the contract between Tess and Sepal Co. ought to equally show the same, that Tess was entering into the contract as an agent of Paula. Thirdly, it must be shown in the contract that the agent had the required legal authority to act on behalf of the principal. In our case in point, it is not in denial that Tess had an express authority inform of a letter to get the climwits on behalf of Paula, but the same was not envisaged in the contract. Lastly, it must be shown that there was a valuable consideration provided by the agent on behalf of the principal. In as much as there was a consideration given by Paula the contract did not indicate that it was from Paula. Pursuant to the above rules applied to the doctrine privity it is safe to say that Paula does not qualify as a party to the contract and therefore she is not entitled to enforce any demand in the contract. The challenging question embedded in the entire of the facts in issue is whether Paula can bring a claim against Tess based on the letter instructing her to urgently acquire climwits for her. It can be argued that the letter that was sent to Tess did not spark an intention to create any legal relationship where the eventual result will be an agency agreement. Suffice to say an agency relationship cannot be implied in this case unless evidence is adduced to show that the act of acquiring climwitts on behalf of Paula was one that was habitual and has recurred in a manner that it gained the force of a custom. It can also be argued that, even if an agency relationship is to be construed by the letter, Tess did everything that was necessary and incidental to the way she was expected to do according to the letter and therefore Paula has no claim (Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead, 1967). 2. It is a general and widely accepted principle in law that once a document or contract is signed the party signing will be bound by the terms therein whether or not he has read or understood the contents (LEstrange v Graucob, 1934). In this case, Merco signed the contract and therefore figuratively, he is bound by the terms of the contract. However, a party will not be bound by the contract if the signature was induced by a fraudulent misrepresentation. It is thus important to note that the discussion in this part that will ultimately be advised to Merco shall uncover the fundamental precepts of misrepresentation in law. A misrepresentation is an untrue statement that induces the other party to enter into contract which has the effects of vitiating the contract. The contract becomes voidable. The House of Lords have had the view that traditionally, English law will not require any pre-contractual good faith from the parties who eventually enter in to a contract (Walford v. Myles, 1992). However, there has been a general judicial willingness and readiness to accept the pre-contractual requirement of good faith which has eventually blossomed to the law of misrepresentation (Philips Electronique Grand Publique SA v. British Sky Broadcasting Ltd, 1995). Ted was aware of the difficulty that Merco had with English and he made several statements which he knowingly knew to be false so as to persuade and induce Merco to sing the contract. It is thus submitted that for a misrepresentation to be actionable there are various elements that must be met for the action to be successful. Untrue statement of fact One of the parties must have made a false assertion of fact. Ted made the assertions that many employers recommended the magazine to their migrant employees and that there were only limited number of copies of the magazine left for subscriptions. These were statements of fact which were untrue. It has been held that if a statement is substantially correct then it does not amount to an untrue statement (Avon Insurance plc. v. Swire Fraser Ltd, 2000). It is imperative to note that mere puffs cannot be regarded as untrue statements of facts (Dimmock v. Hallett, 1866). Although these statements were made by a sales person, the statements cannot be regarded as mere puffs or a sales patter. It is worth noting that the statement must be a clear untrue statement that does not bring about any ambiguity. (Bisset v Wilkinson, 1927) Party to contract The misrepresentation must be made by a party to the contract or an agent representing the party to the contract. It is instructive to note that the contract was between Merco and Eddo Publishing Co and that Ted was a sales agent of the company. In Commercial Banking Co. of Sydney v RH Brown Co (1972) it was held that the statement can be made by a third party who is not a party to the contract but is an agent of person or company who is a party to the contract. Inducement The other party must rely on the untrue statement to the effect that the untrue statement will influence his or her judgment to enter into the contract. Essentially, the untrue statement must actually induce the other party to sign the contract. It has been held that inducement must not necessarily be the sole factor that led to the misrepresentation but it is also a vital factor that is taken into consideration in determining misrepresentation (Edgington v. Fitzmaurice, 1885). The statements made by Ted were inducing and actually they ended up inducing Merco sign the contract. Additionally, Ted incessantly asked Merco to sign the contract as he repeatedly made the untrue statements. However, a misrepresentation will not be actionable if it did not affect the judgment of the other party expected to sign the contract (Smith v. Chadwick, 1884). Indeed the untrue statements affected the judgment of Merco and she ended up signing the contract. There are various types of misrepresentation; however, the one that will be suitable and actionable in the circumstances of this case is fraudulent misrepresentation. Fraudulent misrepresentation entails an untrue statement that is knowingly made without any belief in its veracity and the maker is reckless as to whether it is true or false (Derry v. Peek.1889). In fraudulent misrepresentation, the materiality of the statement of facts is not a subject in issue. It has been argued that, even where the statement of fact is not material, the misrepresentation made is actionable and the claimant is entitled to remedies. It is submitted that if the claimant knew that the statements were untrue at the time they were being made, then there is no inducement in this case (Horsfall v Thomas, 1862). Merco was not aware of any truth in the statement as he merely a visitor to Australia and knew little about what happens there. Merco has the following available remedies that she can seek while pursuing her action for fraudulent misrepresentation. Rescission Rescission is an equitable remedy that has the effect of putting the parties but to their pre-contractual position. Therefore, the contact can be rescinded; however, the objection to rescind must be made promptly upon learning the true statement of affairs. Rescission will not be possible where the innocent party in a case of fraudulent misrepresentation affirms the contract even though the true statement of facts was brought to her attention. (Long v. Lloyd ,1958) It is common knowledge that delay defeats equity and if substantial time has elapsed according to the statute of limitation then then rescission will be impossible. However it has been argued that in cases of fraud, where the true statement of facts been brought to the attention of the claimant the limitation of time will not be operative. Damages For fraudulent misrepresentation damages will be awarded for deceit. The award for damages serves the purpose of to put the claimant in the position he or she was before the contract was made (Smith New Court Securities Ltd. v. Scimgeour Vickers (Asset Management) Ltd, 1997). It is, however, important to note that, for the claimant to recover damages in an action for fraud there must be proof of harm or injury suffered because of the fraudulent misrepresentation. The proper claim by Merco will be that she has suffered economic loss where she had to the bank and pay money that was a subscription fee of the magazine. As stated above it is advised to Merco that he can have the contract set aside because misrepresentation has the effect of vitiating the contract thereby making it voidable at the option of the claimant. Merco should also not be worried because he will be entitled to any economic loss that he suffered and be able to recover any amounts of money that he paid in terms of subscription to the magazine. References Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth (1954) 92 CLR 424] Avon Insurance v Swire Fraser Ltd [2000] 1 ALL ER Comm 573 Bisset v Wilkinson [1927] AC 177 Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1960] UKHL Cole v Cottingham (1837) 8 Car P75, 173 ER 406 Commercial Banking Co of Sydney Ltd v RH Brown and Co [1972] HCA 24 Coulls v Bagots Executor Trustee Co Ltd (1967) 119 CLR 460. Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153 Derry v Peek (1889) LR 14 App Cas 337 Dimmock v Hallett (1866) 2 Ch App 21 Edgington v Fitzmaurice (1885) 29 Ch D 459 Edmonds v Lawson [2000] EWCA Civ 69 Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1967] 1 QB 549 Horsfall v Thomas [1862] 1 HC 90 Hyde v Wrench [1840] EWHC Ch J90 L'Estrange v F Graucob Ltd [1934] 2 KB 394 Long v Lloyd [1958] 1 WLR 753 Philips Electronique -v- British Sky Broadcasting Ltd [1995] EMLR 472 Scruttons Ltd v Midland Silicones Ltd [1961] UKHL 4 Smith v Chadwick (1884) 9 App Cas 187 Smith New Court Ltd v Scrimgeour Vickers (Asset Management) Ltd [1996] UKHL 3 Storer v Manchester City Council [1974] 3 All ER 824 Tekdata Interconnections Ltd v Amphenol Ltd (2009) EWCA Civ 1209 Walford v Miles. [1992] 2 AC 128. White v Bluett (1853) 23 LJ Ex 36 Wilson v Darling Island Stevedoring and Lighterage Co Ltd [1956] HCA 8

The Mexican American War free essay sample

It was a concept which heavily influenced American policy in the 1800s. The idea was the driving force behind the rapid expansion of America into the West from the East, and it was heavily promoted in newspapers, posters, and through other mediums. This was also a huge problem in the war because Mexico did not want the U. S. A to annex Texas and Oregon. That’s kind of how the war started. Now to refer to the second question, how was manifest destiny achieved by the Americans? Well, manifest density was achieved after the war. First the U. S gained land from the Louisiana Purchase, and then it annexed Texas and Oregon, and finally it got more land from the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty gave the United States the Rio Grande boundary for Texas, and gave the U. S. ownership of California, and a large area comprising New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mexican American War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page America got to buy all this land for just $15 million dollars. Back in the day, that was really expensive. Mexico didn’t want to sign the treaty because they were going to give away a lot of land that was worth more than $15 million dollars. The U. S also bought the Louisiana Purchase for $15 million, from France. Last but not least, we must answer the third question which is, how did manifest destiny show the determination of the American people. This question should be reversed. American nationalism  gave rise to  Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny is a by-product of the fallacy on which the United States started. It was the right that justified the right to acquisition. Manifest Destiny was a slogan to define American Nationalism. Its purpose served as a message to all the other countries. Manifest destiny was also what gave more Americans the courage to stand up and fight for their land. In conclusion, we have answered many important questions such as what was manifest destiny, how was manifest destiny achieved by American, and how did it show the determination of the American people? All these questions lead to the answer of why the Mexican American war started.

Sampling With or Without Replacement

Sampling With or Without Replacement Statistical sampling can be done in a number of different ways. In addition to the type of sampling method that we use, there is another question relating to what specifically happens to an individual that we have randomly selected.   This question that arises when sampling is, After we select an individual and record the measurement of attribute were studying, what do we do with the individual? There are two options: We can replace the individual back into the pool that we are sampling from.We can choose to not replace the individual.   We can very easily see that these lead to two different situations.    In the first option, replacement leaves open the possibility that the individual is randomly chosen a second time.   For the second option, if we are working without replacement, then it is impossible to pick the same person twice.   We will see that this difference will affect the calculation of probabilities related to these samples. Effect on Probabilities To see how we handle replacement affects the calculation of probabilities, consider the following example question. What is the probability of drawing two aces from a standard deck of cards? This question is ambiguous.   What happens once we draw the first card?   Do we put it back into the deck, or do we leave it out?   We start with calculating the probability with replacement.   There are four aces and 52 cards total, so the probability of drawing one ace is 4/52. If we replace this card and draw again, then the probability is again 4/52. These events are independent, so we multiply the probabilities (4/52) x (4/52) 1/169, or approximately 0.592%. Now we will compare this to the same situation, with the exception that we do not replace the cards.   The probability of drawing an ace on the first draw is still 4/52. For the second card, we assume that an ace has been already drawn.   We must now calculate a conditional probability.   In other words, we need to know what the probability of drawing a second ace, given that the first card is also an ace. There are now three aces remaining out of a total of 51 cards. So the conditional probability of a second ace after drawing an ace is 3/51.   The probability of drawing two aces without replacement is (4/52) x (3/51) 1/221, or about 0.425%. We see directly from the problem above that what we choose to do with replacement has bearing on the values of probabilities.   It can significantly change these values. Population Sizes There are some situations where sampling with or without replacement does not substantially change any probabilities.   Suppose that we are randomly choosing two people from a city with a population of 50,000, of which 30,000 of these people are female. If we sample with replacement, then the probability of choosing a female on the first selection is given by 30000/50000 60%.   The probability of a female on the second selection is still 60%.   The probability of both people being female is 0.6 x 0.6 0.36. If we sample without replacement then the first probability is unaffected.   The second probability is now 29999/49999 0.5999919998..., which is extremely close to 60%.   The probability that both are female is 0.6 x 0.5999919998 0.359995. The probabilities are technically different, however, they are close enough to be nearly indistinguishable.   For this reason, many times even though we sample without replacement, we treat the selection of each individual as if they are independent of the other individuals in the sample. Other Applications There are other instances where we need to consider whether to sample with or without replacement. On example of this is bootstrapping. This statistical technique falls under the heading of a resampling technique. In bootstrapping we start with a statistical sample of a population. We then use computer software to compute bootstrap samples. In other words, the computer resamples with replacement from the initial sample.

Account for the economic development of the Tokugawa period Essay

Account for the economic development of the Tokugawa period - Essay Example Japan had a very unsteady history with periods of civil wars and not much progress. The country was divided with poor developmental progress. But the scenario was greatly altered after Tokugawa Ieyasu took over the country. He provided for a new beginning in the history of Japan. The period during which he ruled was known as the Tokugawa period. It was also referred to as the Edo period because the capital of the country was moved to Edo after Ieyasu took over. The Tokugawa period was a period of modernization, expansion and progress for the country and thus was also given the name of the Modern Period. This period lasted for approximately two and a half centuries. It started from 1603and ended in 1868. During this entire episode the country was ruled by Tokugawa and then his family and hence the entire phase was given the name of the Tokugawa period. In the Tokugawa period, there was not much technological advance in the country but the economy of the country flourished. In this period Japan isolated itself from the rest of the world which can be a reason for its lesser technological advances. This period laid the foundations for today’s economically stable Japan. This period was a golden era. The population of the country remained constant for these two and a half centuries. According to a first population consensus which was conducted in 1720 the population of the country was thirty million which stayed almost the same during the entire period. It has been seen that now Japan depends greatly upon imports from other countries particularly for food and energy. But in the Tokugawa period Japan was very self sufficient in all its resources. Though Japan is not very rich in natural resources but it was seen in the late Modern Period that salt was produced from coal and still there was no shortage of the fossil fuels. Reasons that have been provided for this are that because of the isolation from the rest of the world, there was a realization

Higher education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Higher education - Essay Example I have realized that higher education is a place where knowledge diversification can be nurtured and learnt. Knowledge diversification dates back to the 1st half of the 20th century, when the history of higher education was starting on earth. Because of this, I will be able to train in a wide array of subjects within my course of computer science as well as become more knowledgeable in the global community. For instance in my college, I can take advantage of relations that have been forged with industry, explore various career services, job shadowing, internships, job fairs as well as volunteer opportunities together with a broad array of other invaluable courses that guide me in my chosen career path. Thus in my area of specialization, almost everybody has to complete an internship before graduation; something which I know will offer me invaluable experience, just before joining the job market. Secondly higher education has made me see that there is diversity as far as student body is concerned something that has enabled me to socialize with my fellow students from all over the world as well as learn from my professors who are equipped with a variety as well as wealth of expertise.In my class today, we form a mixture of all people from various backgrounds as well as ethnicities unlike in the 50s when, inspite of founding of colleges for minorities and women, college education continued, by and large, being the sphere of the wealthy white male (John, 2013). This is something that I really appreciate since I do learn a lot from them. I have met wonderful people in the course of my college life, and I have strived to learn as much as I can from them, just as they do from me. In addition, I have been privileged to interact with students from other faculties, joined student organizations and participated in debates and discussions. This has assisted me in learning interpersonal skills; which is one

High school Essay Example for Free

High school Essay Many people would like to become a cheerleader, however, they are afraid of being stereotyped, and in turn, these stereotypes may affect ones chances of successfully becoming a cheerleader. â€Å"Stereotyping is so common in our society that when you meet someone for the first time you are often stereotyped before you even reach, ‘hello. ’ The way people perceive us can have a profound effect on how we see ourselves† (Mega Essays, 2008). Cheerleading has three common stereotypes as this sport gains in popularity. The first stereotype of cheerleading is a controversy that rages on about whether or not it is a sport. Next, cheerleaders are often times compared to people with unflattering and unintelligent personalities. Finally, there have also been questions about the inclusion of males upon cheerleading teams. Though many examples exist, the three examples listed above seem to be the most challenging stereotypes which keep many afraid of joining the sport of cheerleading. Cheerleading is very popular in middle schools all the way up to the university education level, but unfortunately, several observers often question a cheerleader’s athletic ability. Cheerleaders put in hard work by lifting weights, working up a sweat, and even facing possible injury. These athletes have a strong drive for determination and dedication by practicing at all hours of the day both with their team, and also individually. Some cheerleaders may often say they practice more than the teams they cheer for. So the question arises, why not give them the title and respect they strongly deserve? Independent cheerleaders also compete nationally in addition to high school and college cheer teams; however, many cheerleaders are left pondering whether or not they can gain the attention and recognition they need to officially declare cheerleading as a sport (Ninemire, 2008). Besides the questions of cheerleading as a sport, cheerleaders are often stereotyped from the moment they are met and identified as uneducated ditzy blondes. â€Å"She’s dumb,† â€Å"She’s ditzy,† â€Å"He’s feminine,† and â€Å"They’re snobs† are just some of the stereotypes that are often used. Many people who have been a cheerleader, met one, or have even watched a cheerleading team, have experienced these stereotypes. As stated by Mega Essays, (2008) â€Å"Stereotyping is most often someone’s perception of an individual or a group based on social status, education level, race or even looks. Therefore, why do they constantly defend their sport and themselves? † One of the stronger stereotypes within the cheerleading world is the placement of men on the cheer team. As males enter the world of cheerleading they are immediately labeled as being effeminate. They are faced with society’s overcoming stereotype of a male Barbie figure (Bluestein, 1994). Unfortunately, these qualities often lead to males defending their sexuality. â€Å"Against popular belief, females where [sic] not the founders behind the sport of cheerleading; instead males who were so eager to cheer while watching sporting events created this sport. In the 1890’s the first pep club was organized at Princeton University and it was there where the first organized yell was recorded† (Bluestein, 1994). In many high schools around the world, due to the stereotypes, very few males participate on a cheer squad. â€Å"There are more then [sic] 3,000 high school and college cheerleaders in the United States. 97% of all cheerleaders are female; however, approximately 50% of collegiate cheerleaders are male† (Bluestein, 1994). Over the years, there have been many stereotypes which have agonized and affected the cheerleading world. Some stereotypes of cheerleaders include the comparison of cheerleaders with uneducated ditzy blondes, the assumption that cheerleading is not an actual sport, and should males cheer on a team. Furthermore, one should be cautious when joining this sport because of the amount of rumors, whether true or not. According to About. com (2008), â€Å"Cheerleading has expanded from pom-poms and pep rallies into big business an estimated half-billion dollar industry. In addition to college cheerleaders who joke that they practice more than their football teams, there are also independent cheerleading groups not affiliated with schools, which compete nationally. † Cheerleading has been around since the first pep club in the1890’s and continues to grow and evolve each day. References About. com (2008). Cheerleading: controversy and competition. Retrieved August 22, 2008, from http://cheerleading. about. com/od/cheerinjuries/l/aa103102a. htm Bluestein S, (1994). Male Cheerleading is a sport Serendip. Retrieved August 22, 2008, from http://serendip. brynmawr. edu/exchange/node/1685 Mega Essays. (2008) Cheerleading stereotypes. Retrieved August 22, 2008, from http://www. megaessays. com/viewpaper/78441. html Ninemire V, (2008). Stop the stereotyping of cheerleaders. About. com. Retrieved August 22, 2008, from https://cheerleading. about. com.

Women and their Roles in Pre-Industrial Europe Essay -- essays researc

The Women, Family, and Household of Pre-Industrial Europe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of people today feel trapped inside their homes, just how the women of Pre-Industrial Europe felt. Working day in and day out inside the homes, just to keep the family together, and make a little money on the side, these women were an integral part of Pre-Industrial families. Not only were the women important to Pre-Industrial European families, but so were the households. Much of the money was made in the households, and this is where families either succeeded or failed. The household and women of Pre-Industrial Europe played an integral role in the economy of the families, and more importantly, the women of these households kept them running smoothly. Without either of these important aspects of life in Pre-Industrial Europe, it is safe to say that the families would have collapsed, due to a lack of organization and structures. Pre-Industrial Europe, in which the women and the household were â€Å"the factories† per se, due to the income they generat ed, was much different from the Europe we know today. Leading into the Industrialization of Europe beginning in the late 1700's and lasting through the early 1800's, the household played an integral role in the family’s income. Without the household, the families would literally collapse, due to a lack of organization and stability. Within these important family sub-units, there was one married couple, their children, the family’s servants, and in some cases, depending upon the region of Europe, there were grandparents, aunts and uncles. Not only did the father and servants of the house work, but also the women and children. Also, in the case of there being more than one generation of family in a single household, depending upon the region of Europe, the grandparents, aunts, and uncles would also work within the house. Once the children of these households reached a certain age, usually the early teens, they were sent off to work in a house as a servant. These servants were different then the servants of today, as they worked for room, board, and food, not waiting on the family. Once they started to generate income, the teens would save up the money necessary to begin their own family. However, there were the few exceptions; teens that did not work as servants, and ended up marrying into an existing household. This however,... ...n everyday life. For example, because of the early marriages in Eastern European families, the new couples went back to their old home and lived there. However, in Northwestern European families, the newly married couples started their own households and families, because they had more time to gain the money necessary to start their own households. For these reasons, the families of Pre-Industrial Europe were very successful, and were able to produce enough money to keep the family thriving. Sources Cited   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Donald Kagan, Steven Ozment, Frank M. Turner. The Western Heritage. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001. Patricia Ahmed, Rebecca Jean Emigh. Household Structure During the Market Transition in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eastern Europe. N/A.N/A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/groups/ccsa/ahmedemigh.pdf Michael Mitterauer. Historical Family Forms in eastern Europe in European Comparison.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  N/A. N/A. http://dmo.econ.msu.ru/Data/mitterauer.html Richard Hooker. Women During the European Enlightenment. N/A. N/A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/WOMEN.HTM

Different Approaches in Conflict Management

The case that is being analyzed is about the power issues between Lenore and Caroline. This paper will assess the power relationship between the two and explain in great detail the power balancing strategies that can be used. Also included in this paper, will be the Wilmot- Hocker assessment guide. The Wilmot – Hocker Assessment Guide will be the basic foundation for this paper. This assignment will explain the goals of each individual and the messages they use to achieve them. This case study will include examples from the conversation in order to back up certain ideas. Before Lenore and Caroline engage in conflict, Lenore felt she was being shunned from the family. This feeling of being shunned, resulted in Lenore having a hostile attitude toward Caroline and her family. Even though Lenore feels neglected, she will only state a few of the reasons why she † Feels a non-person in Caroline†s life and her kid†s.† The reason why she will not engage fully into conflict is she afraid of conflict. She views confrontation in a negative way. If she did not perceive conflict in a negative view, she would then be more direct on how she feels. When Caroline begins to defend herself and her family, Lenore instantly backs away and pretends to forget what she had previously stated. Lenore is denying that something was communicated because she is trying to ignore the existence of power (Interpersonal Conflict p. 87). Caroline is the exact opposite of Lenore. Although Caroline does not initiate the conflict, she does not back down from conflict. It is obvious that Caroline is not afraid of conflict. Since the relationship between her mother and her is important, she wants to understand why her mother feels the way she does. Caroline realizes in order to do so, a conflict between ideas will occur. She understands if the conflict is handled correctly, the relationship will gradually become stronger with her mother. Both of their ideas about how a family should be raised will brought out into the open in a conflict. After reading over the case, it was apparent that both Lenore and Caroline use metaphoric images when they are communicating to each other. Lenore states that parent†s are the best role models for children. If you†re not going to provide that model for them, who is? Caroline responds by saying, † I can not buy what you are saying.† Although this type of metaphoric image is not mentioned in the book, one must assume that this is an example of conflict as a product. By saying I can not buy what you are saying, Caroline is stating the metaphoric message that conflict is a product and can be bought if it is at the right price. When Lenore told Caroline that she is heading into fairly stormy waters, Lenore is using what is considered to be a negative metaphor. Stormy waters can be extremely destructive by being repetitive, powerful, and inescapable. The book would compare Lenore†s statement as being â€Å"Conflict is a Tide.† Both Lenore and Caroline do not use metaphoric images in a positive way. If both parties realized those metaphors can cast a negative tone, it would limit the possibility for productive conflict management. Neither party would have used the metaphors. Lenore is a senior citizen, which would make her over sixty-years of age. Taking her age and the way she communicates into consideration, one can assume that she is a conservative and an old fashion type of lady. She demands that Caroline and her children show her respect because of her age. It is even mentioned in the case, that Lenore would drop everything when her parents came to visit her. Caroline is thirty- years old, and it is obvious that she is more liberal then Lenore. Caroline can understand her daughter†s actions a lot clearer then can Lenore. The difference in generations is one of the main ingredients of the conflict. The older generation of people can not adapt to the change in families. For example, people in Lenore†s time were not so busy with † Car pools, tennis games, and trips that we†re really not crucial to any part of your life style.† This generation of families is on a lot more hectic schedule. Lenore and many other people from her generation, have a hard time adapting to the fast pace life many families endure. Lenore must understand and accept that Caroline†s parenting style suits the lifestyle of the family. Lenore†s parenting style may have worked in the fifties, but it will not work in the nineties. Until Lenore accepts this fact, there will always be a conflict between them. The event that triggers the conflict, is when Caroline†s daughter runs right past Lenore and does not say hello. Lenore interprets that the kid is â€Å"spoiled†, and that Caroline has failed at raising her children correctly. This is the event that brought the conflict into mutual awareness. Since Lenore is Caroline†s mother, she unarguably believes she knows what is best for Caroline†s family. This first event lead†s into a destructive spiral of more of Lenore†s problems with Caroline and her family. One of the other problems in the past that upsets her, is that she wants to feel a part of their lives. It seems that if Lenore is not the center of attention, then there must be something wrong. Caroline believes that there is nothing wrong with her family. Lenore is overreacting and she should just let her be her own person. However, Lenore feels that there is a crisis in the family. She gets even more upset and angry, when Caroline refuses to agree with her that there is a problem in the family. Because Caroline will not agree with Lenore, it adds fuel to the fire. Caroline will listen to her mother because it is her mother, but that does not mean she will agree or change her tactics. Caroline expresses the struggle in a rational state of mind. She does not ignore her mother; instead, she communicates the message she understands her mother has a problem. The mother expresses the struggle in an over-reacting and unrational state. It is overwhelming to her that her daughter will not conform to what she says. She interprets this as being a sign of disrespect. In order to understand what the incompatible goals are, we must understand what the relational goals of each party are. First of all, Lenore wants her grandchildren to † kiss and hug her every time they see her.† She also wants her daughter to show her much more respect. On the other hand, Caroline wants her mother to realize that her grandchildren still love and respect her, even though they do not kiss and hug her every time they see her. Since Caroline wants one thing and Lenore wants another, this leads into incompatible goals. Both Caroline and Lenore want different things and this causes a struggle over goals. The reason why there is a struggle over goals is because time is a scarce resource. The case study would imply that Caroline†s daughter lives a busy life. She has restraints on her time to play with her friends. When she is not playing tennis or going to school, she wants to spend her time with her friends. This is a normal response for children her age. The grandmother does not understand the time restraints on Tara. The granddaughter would rather spend some time with her friends and have fun, then sit around and listen to outdated theories of Dr. Spock. If both Lenore and Caroline were to engage over what goals are important to them, there would be less of a problem. The situation does not have to be Grandma versus the family. This particular case study lacks goal clarity. Lenore only discovers her goals during the course of the conflict. She only began to engage in conflict, when Tara ran past her and ignored her. Before this incident, she did not have a plan on how to become a bigger influence in the family. If Lenore really wanted to improve the relationship with the family, she would not have been so individualistic. She could have taken account for the family†s needs as well as hers. Lenore could have mentioned that she thought her knowledge on raising families could benefit Caroline and would also help Lenore feel a part of the family. Throughout the conflict, Caroline was defending herself and her family. Therefore, she used a lot of self-oriented tactics. She became very defensive when Lenore said that she was not interested in their advice or in their decisions. She was forced to defend herself and her family. By being defensive, it limited her to only being able to respond back. She was unable to make clear exactly what she wanted from her mother. Although the prospective goal was not mentioned, it was obvious that Lenore was upset with the behavior of Tara and Caroline. Lenore stated that her husband and her â€Å"feel like their a non-person in your life and your kids life.† Lenore†s first goal would be an example of a relational goal. Lenore wanted her grandchildren and her own daughter to treat her with respect. The conflict was about who Lenore and Caroline are to each other. If Lenore is Caroline†s mother, she should treat her like a mother. However, Caroline feels Lenore should stop telling her what is best for her and her family. This is also an example of a relational goal. Since Caroline and Lenore have opposing views on their relationship, a conflict developed. The transactive goals that developed in this conflict happened while the conflict was taking place. Caroline was not aware of how her mother felt about their relationship. Even though this conflict took place, Caroline still does not know how the mother feels about the relationship. In the beginning stages of the conflict, Caroline†s goal was to explain why her daughter did not say hello. That was a relational goal. After Caroline realized that her mother was upset about how Caroline is raising her children, the goal drastically changed from being a relational goal to an identity goal. Who is Caroline to her mother? When Caroline said,† Just because you†re my mother does not mean that we have to think exactly the same,† it showed Caroline was trying to clarify their relationship. During the conflict, Caroline was trying to save face. In order to do so, she had to stick up to her mother. Her mother ,however, wanted to still have control of Caroline and the way she raised her family. When a valid point was made, her mother would find a way to change it around. For example, when Caroline said, â€Å"You brought me up to understand that I am my own person,† her mother responded by saying, † I hope I threw in some training sessions on respecting other people†s authority.† Lenore was accusing Caroline of being a poor mother and having a poor daughter. Lenore could not accept that her daughter could make good decisions, without her assistance. Since it is not known what exactly the retrospective goal is, one must assume that Caroline realized she should have handled the conflict differently. If the goals in the beginning were clarified, there would not have been such a dispute. Neither party specialized in any type of goal. By the end of the conflict, both parties still did not know what the other party wanted. The power issue between Lenore and Caroline is not discussed. Lenore, who has less power then Caroline, is trying to take away Caroline†s power. Lenore uses an either/or approach. Caroline is trying to move Lenore against her will. What this means is she is trying to force Lenore to do what she says. If Lenore says that Caroline is not raising her family correctly, she better change something. Caroline and Lenore are in a conflict over who should have power in the relationship. The mother believes that she knows best on how to raise children and Caroline should listen to her. French and Raven would describe this source of power as expertise. Since Lenore is the mother of Caroline, she believes she has the wisdom, knowledge, and expertise on how a family should operate. Caroline refuses to accept her mother†s opinion and that leads into a struggle over power. When Caroline was younger, her mother was able to punish (coercion) her when she did not like her behavior. Now that she is older her mother is unable to do that and it causes Lenore to be less powerful. Her mother can only verbally attack Caroline, and that is exactly what she does. A currency that Caroline did not realize she had was her interpersonal linkage. She serves as the bridge between Lenore and Tara. Lenore would not know how Tara felt if it was not for Caroline. If Caroline choose not to tell Tara how Lenore felt, there is nothing Lenore could do about it. This would make Lenore even have less power. Lenore and Caroline have a power imbalance. Lenore†s goal is to strive for higher power. She even mentions if she was the mother, the children would not be acting this way. Lenore communicates to Caroline in what is called competitive symmetry. This means that she uses a repeated pattern of one-ups. An example of this would be when Lenore said, â€Å"This your mother talking.† Lenore attempted to have Caroline be submissive and to agree with her by communicating with one-downs. Instead, Caroline attempted to communicate in what is called a complementary pattern. She would say, † Your are twisting this all around to make me see your point of view. So what if we disagree with minor things.† She was using a one-up pattern at first by saying how she truly felt, but she then use a one-down pattern when she explained her reasoning and she hoped her mother would agree. The type of style that Lenore uses is called competitive. She is highly concerned for her own needs and she really does not have a high concern for others. For example she says, â€Å"We just have begun to realize that we are going to start looking out for our own needs-alone.† This statement is implying that her needs must be meet first and foremost. What makes this case interesting, is that Lenore also uses an avoidance technique throughout the argument. When Lenore said, â€Å"Nonsense! I†ve never ever told you what to do or when to do it.† This remark indicates that Lenore decided that she would avoid continuing in the argument. She is using what is called a nonconsensual avoidance. She is ignoring everything that Caroline has to say. Caroline uses a collaborative style when she communicates with her mother. She has a high concern for her needs, but she also has a high concern for her mother†s needs. The problem is her mother and her can not clarify what they want. So it makes it impossible for Caroline to find an integrative solution that will satisfy them both. What results from this is a symmetrical â€Å"attack-attack† patterns, were they are trying to one-up each other. Caroline, Lenore, and Tara are involved in what is known as a toxic triangle. Tara and Lenore are at the top corners, while the grandmother is at the bottom corner. The results from a toxic triangle can be devastating to the relationship. If the grandmother would accept Tara withdrawing from the triangle, it would give Lenore and Caroline time to discuss their current relationship. The focus would not be about Tara, but instead them. This one to one communication could result in the two collaborating. All and all, both parties need to realize in order to accomplish their goals, they need to know exactly what their goals are. Lenore uses the avoidance and competitive style, while Caroline uses the competitive and collaboration style. They will only further damage the relationship if they keep competing with each other over who has power.

Evidence for American Human Settlement Before Clovis

Pre-Clovis culture is a term used by archaeologists to refer to what is considered by most scholars (see discussion below) the founding populations of the Americas. The reason they are called pre-Clovis, rather than some more specific term, is that the culture remained controversial for some 20 years after their first discovery. Up until the identification of pre-Clovis, the first absolutely agreed-upon culture in the Americas was a Paleoindian culture called Clovis, after the type site discovered in New Mexico in the 1920s. Sites identified as Clovis were occupied between ~13,400-12,800  calendar years ago (cal BP), and the sites reflected a fairly uniform living strategy, that of predation on now-extinct megafauna, including mammoths, mastodons, wild horses, and bison, but supported by smaller game and plant foods. There was always a small contingent of the Americanist scholars who supported claims of archaeological sites of ages dating between 15,000 to as much 100,000 years ago: but these were few, and the evidence was deeply flawed. It is useful to bear in mind that Clovis itself as a Pleistocene culture was widely disparaged when it was first announced in the 1920s. Changing Minds However, beginning in the 1970s or so, sites predating Clovis began to be discovered in North America (such as Meadowcroft Rockshelter and Cactus Hill), and South America (Monte Verde). These sites, now classified Pre-Clovis, were a few thousand years older than Clovis, and they seemed to identify a broader-range lifestyle, more approaching Archaic period hunter-gatherers. Evidence for any pre-Clovis sites remained widely discounted among mainstream archaeologists until about 1999  when a conference in Santa Fe, New Mexico called Clovis and Beyond was held presenting some of the emerging evidence. One fairly recent discovery appears to link the Western Stemmed Tradition, a stemmed point stone tool complex in the Great Basin and Columbia Plateau to pre-Clovis and the Pacific Coast Migration Model. Excavations at Paisley Cave in Oregon have recovered radiocarbon dates and DNA from human coprolites which predate Clovis. Pre-Clovis Lifestyles Archaeological evidence from pre-Clovis sites continues to grow. Much of what these sites contain suggests the pre-Clovis people had a lifestyle that was based on a combination of hunting, gathering, and fishing. Evidence for pre-Clovis use of bone tools, and for the use of nets and fabrics has also been discovered. Rare sites indicate that pre-Clovis people sometimes lived in clusters of huts. Much of the evidence seems to suggest a marine lifestyle, at least along the coastlines; and some sites within the interior show a partial reliance on large-bodied mammals. Research also focuses on migration pathways into the Americas. Most archaeologists still favor the Bering Strait crossing from northeastern Asia: climatic events of that era restricted entry into Beringia and out of Beringia and into the North American continent. For pre-Clovis, the Mackenzie River Ice-Free Corridor was not open early enough. Scholars have hypothesized instead that the earliest colonists followed the coastlines to enter and explore the Americas, a theory known as the Pacific Coast Migration Model  (PCMM) Continuing Controversy Although evidence supporting the PCMM and the existence of pre-Clovis has grown since 1999, few coastal Pre-Clovis sites have been found to date. Coastal sites are likely inundated since the sea level has done nothing but rise since the Last Glacial Maximum. In addition, there are some scholars within the academic community who remain skeptical about pre-Clovis. In 2017, a special issue of the journal Quaternary International based on a 2016 symposium at the Society for American Archaeology meetings presented several arguments dismissing pre-Clovis theoretical underpinnings. Not all the papers denied pre-Clovis sites, but several did. Among the papers, some of the scholars asserted that Clovis was, in fact, the first colonizers of the Americas and that genomic studies of the Anzick burials (which share DNA with modern Native American groups) prove that. Others suggest that the Ice-Free Corridor would still have been usable if unpleasant entryway for the earliest colonists. Still others argue that the Beringian standstill hypothesis is incorrect and that there simply were no people in the Americas prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. Archaeologist Jesse Tune and colleagues have suggested that all of the so-called pre-Clovis sites are made up of geo-facts, micro-debitage too small to be confidently assigned to human manufacture.   It is undoubtedly true that pre-Clovis sites are still relatively few in number compared to Clovis. Further, pre-Clovis technology seems extremely varied, especially compared to Clovis which is so strikingly identifiable. Occupation dates on pre-Clovis sites vary between 14,000 cal BP to 20,000 and more. Thats an issue that needs to be addressed.   Who Accepts What? It is difficult to say today what percentage of archaeologists or other scholars support pre-Clovis as a reality versus Clovis First arguments. In 2012, anthropologist Amber Wheat conducted a systematic survey of 133 scholars about this issue. Most (67 percent) were prepared to accept the validity of at least one of the pre-Clovis sites (Monte Verde). When asked about migratory paths, 86 percent selected the coastal migration path and 65 percent the ice-free corridor. A total of 58 percent said people arrived in the American continents before 15,000 cal BP, which implies by definition pre-Clovis. In short, Wheats survey, despite what has been said to the contrary, suggests that in 2012, most scholars in the sample were willing to accept some evidence for pre-Clovis, even if it wasnt an overwhelming majority or whole-hearted support. Since that time, most of the published scholarship on pre-Clovis has been on the new evidence, rather than disputing their validity. Surveys are a snapshot of the moment, and the research into coastal sites has not stood still since that time. Science moves slowly, one might even say glacially, but it does move. Sources Braje, Todd J., et al. Finding the First Americans. Science 358.6363 (2017): 592–94. Print.de Saint Pierre, Michelle. Antiquity of mtDNA Lineage D1g from the Southern Cone of South America Supports Pre-Clovis Migration. Quaternary International 444 (2017): 19–25. Print.Eren, Metin I., et al. Refuting the Technological Cornerstone of the Ice-Age Atlantic Crossing Hypothesis. Journal of Archaeological Science 40.7 (2013): 2934-41. Print.Erlandson, Jon M. After Clovis-First Collapsed: Reimagining the Peopling of the Americas. Paleoamerican Odyssey. Eds. Graf, Kelly E., C.V. Ketron and Michael R. Waters. College Station: Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas AM, 2013. 127-32. Print.Faught, Michael K. Where Was the Paleoamerind Standstill? Quaternary International 444 (2017): 10–18. Print.Fiedel, Stuart J. The Anzick Genome Proves Clovis Is First, after All. Quaternary International 444 (2017): 4–9. Print.Halligan, Jessi J., et al. Pre-Clovis Occup ation 14,550 Years Ago at the Page-Ladson Site, Florida, and the Peopling of the Americas. Science Advances 2.e1600375 (2016). Print.Jenkins, Dennis L., et al. Clovis Age Western Stemmed Projectile Points and Human Coprolites at the Paisley Caves. Science 337 (2012): 223–28. Print.Llamas, Bastien, Kelly M. Harkins, and Lars Fehren-Schmitz. Genetic Studies of the Peopling of the Americas: What Insights Do Diachronic Mitochondrial Genome Datasets Provide? Quaternary International 444 (2017): 26–35. Print.Morrow, Juliet E. After Anzick: Reconciling New Genomic Data and Models with the Archaeological Evidence for Peopling of the Americas. Quaternary International 444 (2017): 1–3. Print.Potter, Ben A., et al. Early Colonization of Beringia and Northern North America: Chronology, Routes, and Adaptive Strategies. Quaternary International 444 (2017): 36–55. Print.Scott, G. Richard, et al. Sinodonty, Sundadonty, and the Beringian Standstill Model: Issues of Timing and Migrations into the New World. Quaternary International 466 (2018): 233–46. Print.Shillito, Lisa-Marie, et al. New Research at Paisley Caves: Applying New Integrated Analytical Approaches to Understanding Stratigraphy, Taphonomy, and Site Formation Processes. PaleoAmerica 4.1 (2018): 82–86. Print.Tune, Jesse W., et al. Assessing the Proposed Pre-Last Glacial Maximum Human Occupation of North America at Coats-Hines-Litchy, Tennessee, and Other Sites. Quaternary Science Reviews 186 (2018): 47–59. Print.Wagner, Daniel P. Cactus Hill, Virginia. Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology. Ed. Gilbert, Allan S. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. 95–95. Print.Wheat, Amber. Survey of Professional Opinions Regarding the Peopling of America. SAA Archaeological Record 12.2 (2012): 10–14. Print.